冬季马铃薯氮磷钾肥料效应及其适宜用量研究

NPK fertilizer response and optimum application rate for winter potatoes

通过田间试验和土壤养分分析,研究冬季马铃薯施用氮磷钾肥料的效应。结果表明,冬季马铃薯施用氮磷钾分别增产38.7%、10.7%和23.6%,增产效果是N>K>P;不同土壤肥力等级的氮磷钾肥增产幅度与土壤速效养分含量呈负相关关系;氮磷钾肥的平均产投比分别为10.8、5.9和5.7,氮肥在低肥力土壤的产投比最高,磷钾肥则在中高肥力土壤的产投比较高。氮磷钾的平均推荐施用量为N241kg·hm-2、P2O596kg·hm-2和K2O290kg·hm-2,三要素最佳比例为1∶0.4∶1.2。

NPK fertilizer response and the optimum application rate for the winter potatoes in Fujian were studied by conducting field experiments. The results showed that potatoes received N, P and K fertilizer increased yield on average by 38.7%, 10.7% and 23.6%, respectively. Thus, the effectiveness was N〉K〉P. The yield increase by the NPK fertilizer application in soils of different fertility grades negatively correlated to the available N, P, K con- tent in the soils. Output and input ratio on N, P and K fertilizer were 10.8, 5.9 and 5.7, respectively. N fertilizer had a higher ratio of output and input than P and K fertilizers in lower soil fertility, whereas P and K fertilizer had a higher ratio of output and input than N fertilizer in higher soil fertility. Optimum application rate was found to be N241 kg· hm^-2, P2O5 96 kg· hm^-2andK2O290 kg· hm^-2 on potato with the proportion 1 ： 0.4 ： 1.2.