小麦不同外植体离体培养与再生研究

Study on the Tissue Culture and Plant Regeneration of Different Explant from Wheat

为了研究小麦组织培养的影响因素,对6个小麦品种的幼胚、幼穗以及成熟胚进行组织培养,研究不同基因型、外植体以及培养基对愈伤组织诱导及分化再生的影响。结果表明,不同小麦品种幼胚、幼穗以及成熟胚愈伤组织诱导率均在90%以上,且差异不大,而分化率和再生率却表现出很大差异。总体来说,供试外植体幼胚再生率最高,幼穗次之,成熟胚最低。绵阳19幼胚再生率最高,为54%,其最佳激素培养基为MS+KT 1.0 mg/L+IAA 1.0 mg/L;其次为小偃107和小偃22的幼胚愈伤组织。幼穗愈伤组织中绵阳19愈伤组织再生率最高,为27.5%,其次为洛阳8716。成熟胚愈伤组织培养中陕354再生率最高,为25.1%,优于其幼穗愈伤组织,其次为绵阳19的成熟胚愈伤组织。

In order to establish a high frequency plant regeneration system, the immature embryo, immature inflorescences and mature embryo of six wheat varieties were cultured to study the effects on the frequency of callus induction and plant regeneration. The result showed that there were little difference between the frequency of callus induced among all varieties and explants, but the frequency of plantlet differentiation and plant regeneration were quite different. Immature embryo was the best explant for regeneration, immature inflorescences took the second place. The frequency of plantlet differentiation and plant regeneration of mature embryo was the lowest. The plant regeneration of Mianyang 19 immature embryo was the highest （54.0%） and its optimal medium was MS＋ KT 1.0 mg/ L ＋ IAA 1.0 mg/L, followed by immature embryo of Xiaoyan 107 and Xiaoyan 22. The highest frequency of plant regeneration for immature inflorescences and mature embryo among all the varieties involved was Mianyang 19 and Shaan 354, respectively.