山核桃果实生长发育规律

Growth and development of the Carya cathayensis nut

山核桃Carya cathayensis果实生长成熟过程可分成2个阶段:5月初至8月初是果实增大物质增长阶段,其中6-7月是果实快速生长期,至8月初果实生长基本稳定。8-9月是种仁储藏物质的积累和转化阶段;在种仁成熟过程中,山核桃种仁粗脂肪质量分数不断升高,采收时达最高值690.2 g·kg-1;粗蛋白和可溶性糖不断减少,分别从8月5日的117.38和56.05 mg·g-1降至采收时的最低值93.63和19.67 mg·g-1;果实成熟过程中种仁可溶性糖和粗蛋白不断转化成为粗脂肪,种仁粗脂肪与粗蛋白和可溶性糖呈极显著的负相关,粗脂肪与粗蛋白的相关系数为-0.991 3(P<0.01),与可溶性糖的相关系数-0.956 5(P<0.01)。

Carya cathayensis is famous because its nut explore the nut＇s growth process in order to obtain the has rich nutrition, especially in oil and protein. We law of oil accumulation. From May to September 2006, we picked 150 - 300 nuts from 6 sample trees each 7 - 10 days. Then, we determine its diameter, fresh and dry weight, the weight rate of kernel to shell, crude protein, soluble sugar, and crude fat. Results showed that development of the Carya cathayensis nut throughout its growing season is divided into two distinct phases. Phase I occurred from early May to early August. During this phase the C. cathayeusis nut enlarged with the fastest growth in June and July and came to full size. Phase Ⅱ occurred from early August until harvest in early September, wherein the kernel developed and filled out with nutrients accumulating and transforming. In this phase, significant negative correlations were found between crude protein and crude fat （r = - 0.991 3, P 〈 0.01） and between soluble sugar and crude fat （r = - 0.956 5, P 〈 0.01） with protein content decreasing from 117.4 to 93.6 mg·g^-1, soluble sugar decreasing from 56.1 to 19.67 mg·g^-1, and crude fat continuously increasing from 33.9% to 69.0%. So we should provide adequate nutrition to maintain the vitality of leaves in June and July, to postpone harvesting is beneficial to enhance the kernel＇s output and the fat content.