澳门咸潮产生的原因、危害及防治对策

Causations, Damages and Solutions for Saltwater Intrusion in Macao

咸潮又称咸潮上溯、盐水入侵,是发生在沿海河口水域的一种水文现象。近年来,澳门咸潮频繁发生,严重影响了人们的正常生活和工作,也为工农业生产带来了巨大的损失。随着咸潮危害的加剧,人们对咸潮的防御对策问题也越来越重视。该论文分析了澳门咸潮产生的原因,认为干旱少雨和海平面上升等自然因素是导致咸潮发生的主要原因,而由人类活动导致的过度用水和生态失衡则加速了咸潮的发生。接着论述了咸潮给澳门带来的危害和测定咸潮的指标方法,最后对预防澳门咸潮的发生提出了一些建议。在澳门的地理背景条件下,除充分利用澳门的水库湖泊资源以增加澳门淡水储备外,更加需要全流域公众珍惜水资源,注意节约用水。

Saltwater intrusion is a natural phenomenon in littoral. In recent years, the disaster of saline water intrusion has arisen continually at stream outlet area of the Pearl River Delta （especially in Macao）, which has brought on lack of water supply to millions of people. Due to the potentially social and economic impact of the disaster, more and more people are paying attention to saline water intrusion. In this paper, the authors had analyzed the causations and the damages of saline water intrusion in Macao, and proposed that the environmental factors （e.g., drought and sea level rise） were the major inducement and that human activities have accelerated these processes. At the same time the authors had put forward some solutions to prevent saline water intrusion.