我国北方不同地区玉米养分吸收及累积动态研究

Dynamics of maize nutrient uptake and accumulation in different regions of northern China

通过在东北地区的黑龙江、吉林和华北地区的河北、河南等省进行的田间试验,研究了同一玉米品种(郑单958)在我国北方不同地区养分吸收及累积规律。结果表明,郑单958在东北地区作为春玉米栽培时的总生物量及氮、磷吸收量要高于在华北地区作为夏玉米栽培时的相应值,钾吸收量则相反。在华北地区作为夏玉米栽培时,营养体中氮、磷、钾百分含量最大值要高于在东北地区作为春玉米栽培时的相应值;而在东北地区作为春玉米栽培时营养体中氮、磷养分向子粒中的转运量显著高于在华北地区作为夏玉米栽培时的转运量,钾素的转运量正好相反。在东北地区作为春玉米栽培时,其生物量最大增长速率和养分最大吸收速率出现的时间都要晚于在华北地区作为夏玉米栽培时的。因此,在东北地区种植的春玉米可以适当地推迟追肥的时间,增加玉米对养分的吸收,从而提高玉米的产量。

Field experiments were conducted to study the dynamics of maize nutrient uptake and accumulation in northeast region （Heilongjiang and Jilin ） and northcentral region （Hebei and Henan）. The results showed that the total biomass and consumption of N and P was higher in ＂Zhengdan 958＂ as spring maize cultivated in northeast region than as summer maize cultivated in northcentral region, while the pattern for K consumption was inversed. As summer maize cultivated in northcentral region, the percentage of N, P and K content of vegetative organs was higher than as spring maize cultivated in northeast region. When cultivated as spring maize in northeastern region, N and P transfer amounts from vegetative organs were higher than as summer maize cultivated in northcentral region, while K transformation was inversed. As spring maize cultivated in northeast region, the time for the maximum total biomass and nutrient uptake rate was later than as summer maize cultivated in northcentral region, therefore, the time of topdressing should be postponed for spring maize cultivated in northeast region, so that more nutrients could be taken up to increase maize yield.