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金属基复合材料述评 被引量:10

METAL MATRIX COMPOSITESA REVIEW
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摘要 本文探讨了金属基复合材料发展所面临的主要问题。首先讨论常用基体材料和常用增强体。前者限于铝和钛合金,所讨论的增强体包括颗粒、晶须和纤维。然后评述基本的设计原则,着重于设计者面临的关于最佳基体化学性质、界面反应、不同的热膨胀和主要变形机理的效应等方面的选择问题。对于钛基复合材料,除非它们的使用温度范围增加到750℃以上,否则这些材料就不能和高温合金相竞争。然而,目前的合金工艺表明,如果没有足够的涂层保护,还没有一种钛合金能在空气中680℃以上维持下去。然后评述金属基复合材料的固化法,包括最近在欧洲实验室的研究工作。 Metal matrix composites,MMC,have undergone extensive research and development in the past thirty years,world wide.In spite of this large effort,MMC materials have not been widely adapted for commercial use,and have been sparsely adapted in military systems.The reasons are mainly in the high cost of manufacturing and in the relatively low reliability and large fluctuations in properties. The purpose of this review is to bring to focus the major issues facing development of MMC materials.We begin with a review of the common matrix materials and common reinforcements.The former are limited to aluminum and to titanium alloys.Reinforcements are discussed in terms of particulate,whiskers and fibers.We then review basic design considerations,with emphasis on the choices facing the designer in terms of optimal matrix chemistry,interfacial reactions,differential thermal expansion,and the effects of dominant deformation mechanisms.In terms of titanium matrix composites,the argument is advanced that these materials could not compete with superalloys until the range of temperature of use is increased above 750℃.However,current alloy technologies indicates that no titanium alloy could survive in air at above 680℃ without adequate protective coatings. Next we review consolidation of MMC,including most recent work in European laboratories.The presentation concludes with summaries of recent data,and outlook for the future.
出处 《航空材料学报》 EI CAS CSCD 1997年第3期2-10,共9页 Journal of Aeronautical Materials
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