“云麻1号”大麻籽仁的组分及营养价值分析

Yunma 1 hemp seeds:Compositional and nutritional analyses

对"云麻1号"大麻籽仁的基本组成进行测定,并对其功能特性及营养价值进行分析。常规指标分析表明"云麻1号"大麻籽仁的基本组成为:水分5.84%,灰分6.31%,总糖(以葡萄糖计)2.71%,油脂50.41%,蛋白质35.08%。气相色谱分析表明油脂中油酸10.48%、亚油酸58.48%和α-亚麻酸17.78%合计占总脂肪酸的86.74%,其中亚油酸和α-亚麻酸的比例接近3∶1,这一比例被认为是人体正常代谢所需的最佳比例;高压液相色谱分析表明油中生育酚总量为8.41mg/100g,其中γ-生育酚占总量的86.9%。蛋白中球蛋白含量最丰富43.4%,其次是清蛋白28.7%和谷蛋白9.28%,含量最少的是醇溶蛋白3.30%,DSC分析表明4种蛋白组分的变性温度分别为54.30,60.53,50.80,59.65℃;氨基酸分析表明4种蛋白组分的必需氨基酸含量丰富,而且构成较为均衡;4种蛋白组分中都含有较高含量的谷氨酸、天冬氨酸和精氨酸;营养参数分析表明,大麻籽仁同时也是一种优质蛋白质资源。

The aim of this work was to determine the basic composition and analyze the nutritional values of Yunma 1 hemp seeds. The general composition is obtairied： moisture 5.84%, ash content 6.31%, total sugar （ calculated as glucose）2.71% , oil 50.41% , and protein 35.08%. Oleic acid 10.48%, linoleic acid 58.48%, and α-linolenic acid 17.78% combined account for 86.74% of total fatty acids and linoleic/α-linolenic acid ratio is close to 3 ： 1, which is considered as the best ratio for human body metabolism. Total toeopherols content is 8.41 mg/100g of which γ- tocopherol constitutes 86.9%. The Osborne fractions in hemp seed kernel proteins were determined： globulin 43.4% , albumin 28.7% , glutelin 9.28%, and prolamin 3.30%. The denaturation temperature of the Osborne fractions were determined by differential scanning calorimetry （DSC） ： albumin 60.53, globulin 54.30, glutelin 50.80, and prolamin 59.65 ℃. Hemp seed kernel meal is rich in protein and its four Osborne fractions are basically rich in essential amino acids except Trp. The most abundant non-essential amino acids contained in hemp seed kernel meal are Glu, Asp, and Arg. Hemp seed kernel meal, as judged from nutritional parameters （E/T, AAS, PER and BV）, is also a protein resource of high quality.