DNA分子标记技术在水生动物遗传多样性研究中的应用

Application in Genetic Diversity of Aquatic of DNA Molecular Markers

简要阐述了几种常见DNA分子标记技术,如限制性片断长度多态性(restriction fragment length polymorphism,RFLP)、随机扩增多态性DNA(random amplified polymorphic DNA,RAPD)、扩增片断长度多态性(amplified fragment length polymorphism,AFLP)、简单重复序列或微卫星标记(simple sequencerepeat,SSR)、内部简单重复序列(inter-simple sequence repeat,ISSR)和单核苷酸多态性(single nucleotide polymorphisms,SNP)等的基本原理、技术上的优缺点及其在水生动物遗传多样性研究中的应用,包括遗传多样性的鉴定、品种亲缘关系与分类的研究和种质资源的鉴定等。最后,对DNA分子标记技术在水生动物遗传多样性应用中的存在问题进行了简单的讨论。

The basic principle, advantages and disadvantages of several DNA molecular markers technology, such as restriction fragment length polymorphism （RFLP）, random amplified polymorphic DNA （RAPD）, amplified fragment length polymorphism（AFLP）, simple sequence repeat （SSR）, inter-simple sequence repeat（ISSR）and single nueleotide polymorphisms（SNPs）etc, and its application in aquatic, including the identification of genetic diversity, the investigation of relationship and classification of varieties belonged to same species, identification of germplasm, etc were briefly reviewed. Finally, the problems existing in the application of DNA molecular markers in aquatic were briefly discussed.