基于地方依附感原理的景区旅游竞争力探析

STUDY ON VISITOR ATTRACTION COMPETITIVENESS BASED ON PLACEATTACHM NT THEORY

近三十年来中国旅游业的迅猛发展,使得旅游竞争的激烈程度越来越高。在此背景下,如何提升景区旅游竞争力成为旅游学科研究的重要课题之一。围绕景区的游客和当地居民,以当地居民的旅游感知和态度、游客的旅游体验为基础,从人本主义的微观认知方法论角度,分析了景区旅游竞争力的构成,然后以地方依附感原理为基本研究视角,阐释了旅游意象与旅游地点感、地方依附感原理下的景区竞争力的本质与关联机制,构建了景区旅游竞争力的指标体系。以期为这一领域的进一步研究提供一个初步的框架。

Because of rapid development of China tourism during the recent 30 years, the competition among the same and different level of visitor attractions becomes more and more intense. On this background, it becomes an important topic of tourism science that how the visitor attractions enhance their competitiveness. National Tourism Administration of China proclaim the list of 5A level of visitor attractions which was firstly confirmed in May, 2007. So, the tourism development has to highly focus on visitor attractions as well as visitor attraction competitiveness. With the viewpoint of place attachment, using the research methodology of micro-cognitive theory of humanism, the authors explore the key idea of composition factors of visitor attraction competitiveness. This idea embodies the benefits of local residents and tourists＇ demand, based on tourism perception and attitude of local residents as well as tourists experiences, and focuse on visitor attraction competitiveness due to influence on ＂social-cultural turn＂ thought since 1970s. The paper puts forward composition factors of visitor attraction competitiveness, explains the underlying relations and correlation mechanism between tourism image and tourism place, place attachment and visitor attraction competitiveness and constructs index system of competitiveness of visitor attractions. What＇s more, it discusses the decision and policies of visitor attraction development are made by local governments who seldom consider residents＇ benefits as well as tourists＇ perception and demand. While, in fact, it＇s just core of visitor attraction development and management, in particular, the visitor attraction competitiveness origins from such two important aspects. The paper has drawn several conclusions： 1）Visitor attraction competitiveness must center on tourists and local residents, as well as correlation between both in the present background of social economy development. It solves the problems of where and how to guide visitor attraction development, which have a great significance in promoting visitor attraction＇s development fast and healthily. 2）Place attachment theory ,as an important topic in modem human geography, catches much attention in the correlation between human -beings and natural and social cultural environment, proffers a new viewpoint of visitor attraction competitiveness research. 3）The perception and attitude of local residents, and tourists experiences perception are core aspects of visitor attraction competitiveness based on place attachment theory. 4）The sample survey and interview with tourists and residents is the main methodology on measurement of visitor attraction competitiveness.