高原、亚高原训练对世居亚高原运动员最大力量素质的影响及其机制研究

Effect of Altitude and Sub-altitude Training on the Maximum Strength of Skeletal Muscle and Its Mechanism in Rowers of Sub-altitude Inhabitants

目的:通过观察世居亚高原赛艇运动员在高原和亚高原训练期间及其后续平原训练期间主要做功肌肉横截面积和肌肉力量的变化,研究高原和亚高原训练对最大力量素质的影响及其影响机制,探索高原和亚高原训练的特点及规律。方法:赛艇运动员21人,随机分为高原组和亚高原组,分别进行高原、亚高原训练,然后进行平原训练。分别于实验前、高原末及平原末用核磁共振技术测试运动员股四头肌和股二头肌的横断面积,并采用赛艇专项方法定期测试运动员的最大力量素质。结果:高原组:经过高原训练及后续平原训练后,最大卧拉力量分别提高11.1%和11.4%,最大深蹲力量分别提高2.1%和1.4%,男子的股四头肌横断面积在高原末减小6.7%。亚高原组:经过亚高原训练及后续平原训练后,最大卧拉力量分别提高6.9%和8.2%,最大深蹲力量分别提高11.1%和14%,男、女运动员的股四头肌和股二头肌横断面积均无明显变化。结论:高原训练后运动员股四头肌横断面积有较明显的缩小,而亚高原组无明显变化,表现为主要做功肌群的最大力量在亚高原组的提高明显大于高原组。

The purpose of this paper is to observe the changes of the muscle cross-sectional area and the maximum strength of quadriceps femoris during altitude and sub-altitude training, and systematic investigations were carried to insight into the effect of altitude and sub-altitude training on the maximum strength of skeletal muscle and its mechanism and explore the characteristic and its regulating manner of these trainings. Methods： 21 rowers who long-term living in sub-altitude participated in the study. The subjects were separate into two groups randomly： altitude group and sub-altitude group, and trained in altitude, sub-altitude and plain. Before the period, after the altitude and sub-altitude training period, and after plain training period the muscle cross-sectional area of quadriceps femoris and biceps femoris were measured consuming magnetic resonance imaging. The strength was tested during the period. Results ; After the altitude and plain training, the maximum pulling force increase respectively 11. 1% and 11.4 %, and the maximum deep squat force increase respectively 2. 1% and 1.4 %, and the quadriceps femoris＇s area of section of male decrease 6. 7% in the end of altitude training in altitude group. But, in sub-altitude group, after the altitude training and plain training, the maximum pulling force increase respectively 6. 9 % and 8. 2 %, and the maximum deep squat force increase respectively 11. 1% and 14%, and the quadriceps femoris ＇s area of section didn＇t change. Conclusions.. After the altitude training, the muscle cross-sectional area of quadriceps femoris was decrease, but it in sub-altitude group didn＇t decrease. So, the increasing extent of the maximum strength of the lower limb was larger in sub-altitude group than that in altitude group.