乙醇肝毒性及治疗的研究进展

Research progress on ethanol hepatoxicity and its treatment

肝脏是代谢乙醇及清除内毒素的主要器官,肝实质细胞及非实质细胞对乙醇及其代谢产物的影响极为敏感。酒精性肝病的发展一般包括脂肪变性、炎症反应、肝细胞坏死、肝纤维化以及肝硬化等几个过程,发展到严重的肝炎时会导致死亡。乙醇导致的肝病可呈现多种形式,并受多种因素控制,使得酒精性肝病的病理机制较为复杂。炎症细胞因子的作用、活性氧自由基的损害、乙醛的毒性以及补体系统等均可促进乙醇导致的肝损伤。目前,对于酒精性肝病的治疗主要有抗氧化、抑制枯否细胞的激活以及抑制肠道细菌的过度增殖等手段。

The liver is the the metabolism of ethanol organ largely responsible for and clearance of endotoxin. As a result, hepatic parenchymal and nonparenchymal cells become highly susceptible to the effects of ethanol and its metabolites, and excessive consumption of ethanol results in damage to the liver. Although the histopathology of alcoholic liver disease, i. e. , steatosis, inflammation, necrosis, fibrosis and cirrhosis, has been well documented, the exact mechanisms of pathogenesis of this devastating disease are still largely unknown. Multiple factors, such as inflammatory cytokines, reactive oxygen species, acetaldehyde and cornplemcnt system, contribute to the progression and aggravation of alcoholic liver disease. At present, antiperoxidation, inhibition of Kupffer cell activation and inhibition of gut bacteria overgrowth are the main methods for treatment of alcoholic liver disease.