水稻氮磷钾高产施肥模式研究

Study on Fertilization Model of Nitrogen,Phosphorus and Potassium for High Yield of Rice

[目的]建立水稻施肥的数学模型,为水稻的肥料管理提供依据。[方法]采用三元二次通用旋转组合设计,研究氮磷钾对水稻品种黔南优2058产量的影响,并建立相应的回归方程。[结果]氮肥对水稻产量的影响较大,磷钾肥的影响相当。氮磷、氮钾、磷钾存在互作效应,合理配施氮磷钾,可提高水稻产量,但超过最佳施肥水平,水稻产量下降。氮磷钾互作效应在0-1时增产效果明显。经模拟寻优,在该试验条件下,黔南优2058的优化施肥方案为：氮肥216.75-263.85 kg/hm^2,磷肥92.55-118.20 kg/hm^2,钾肥151.35-202.20kg/hm^2,这时水稻产量高于8 796.00 kg/hm^2的可能性为95%。[结论]以该研究建立的优化施肥方案为参考,结合不同产区具体情况加以调整,可实现水稻生产节本增效。

[Objective] The study aimed to establish the mathematical model of rice fertilization and provide the basis for fertilizer management for rice.[Method] The ternary quadratic general revolving combination design was taken to study the effect of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium on the yield of rice variety Qiannanyou 2058 and establish the corresponding regression equation.[Result] The effect of nitrogen fertilizer on the yield of rice was bigger,the effect of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer was equivalent.The interaction effects existed between nitrogen and phosphorus,nitrogen and potassium,phosphorus and potassium,the yield of rice could be increased by combining application of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium reasonably,but the yield of rice would be decreased when the application amount was more than the optimum fertilizer applying level.The yield-increasing effect was obvious when the interaction effects of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium was between 0 and 1.Through the simulating optimization,the optimum fertilizer application scheme for Qiannanyou 2058 was nitrogen fertilizer of 216.75-263.85 kg/hm^2,phosphorus fertilizer of 92.55-118.20 kg/hm^2 and potassium fertilizer of 151.35-202.20 kg/hm^2 in the tested conditions,then the possibility of rice yield being higher than 8 796.00 kg/hm^2 was 95%.[Conclusion] The decreasing cost and increasing benefit for rice production could be implemented by taking the optimum fertilization scheme established in this study as the reference and combining some adjustment according to the concrete conditions in different production areas.