人乳头瘤病毒及宫颈癌疫苗的研究--解读2008年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖

Human Papillomaviruses and Cervical Cancer Vaccines: To Decode 2008 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine

德国科学家Harald zur Hausen因发现人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)导致子宫颈癌,与另外两位科学家共享了2008年的诺贝尔生理学或医学奖.HPV是一组小DNA病毒,目前已鉴定有118型.HPV感染人的上皮组织,诱发产生包括妇女宫颈癌和尖锐湿疣在内的多种良恶性增生性疾病,目前已有两种人乳头瘤病毒预防性疫苗上市.对病毒的生物学特性、致癌机制及相关的疫苗的研究进行综述.

Human papillomaviruses are small DNA viruses and over 118 types have been identified. They often infect host through mucosal surface or skin. Some of them （types 6 and 11） cause benign tumors such as condylomas whereas others （16, 18 etc） cause malignant tumors such as cervical cancers. Currently, there are two kinds of HPV preventive vaccine have been approved to market abroad. This article reviews progress in the field of human papillomaviruses （HPVs） biology, mechanism of carcinogenesis by persistent infection of high risk HPVs, and the development of prophylactic and therapeutic viral vaccines.