美国教育督导的特征及其变革趋势

The Characteristics and Reform Trends of Education Inspection in America

美国教育督导的基本特征可以概括为:专兼职人员相结合的督导队伍;校长直接承担督学任务;多种督导形式并用;对教师的督导是重点;督导与评估、指导相结合;各州教育督导制度存在较大差异。近年来,美国教育督导变革的趋势表现在:联邦政府的干预增多;关注教育管理,关注学校教育的增值评价;绩效责任成为督导的重点;关注处境不利学生的学业成绩;对教师的督导由权威型向辅导、发展和关心型转化。

The characteristics of educational inspection in America could be generalized as follows： the inspection people come from both experts and some part-time job persons;principals bears some task of inspection direcdy; many approaches have been used in inspection ;inspection on teachers has been the focus; the inspection,evaluation and guidance has been integrated;the system among states are different. The new reform trends of educational inspection in America has shown on such aspects as follows： federal government does more works in education inspection than states;education management would be the focus ;add-values evaluation would be paid more attention to;accountability would be the key point;the school work achievement of disadvantaged children would be concerned;the teacher inspection model has changed from authority model to tutorship, development and care model.