硫铁矿酸性矿山废水对大型底栖动物群落结构的影响

Impacts of acid pyrite drainage on the macroinvertebrate community in Gaolan River

2006年11月和2007年1月通过金属和生物指标的量化监测,就酸性矿山废水对大型底栖动物群落结构的影响及高岚河污染现状进行研究。典型对应分析表明:酸性废水对高岚河上游大型底栖动物群落结构影响最大。对高岚河大型底栖动物群落结构和功能摄食类群进行分析,研究硫铁矿酸性矿山废水对河流大型底栖动物群落的影响,结果表明:高岚河自矿源起约16km河段,大型底栖动物群落结构已经遭到严重破坏;多足摇蚊Polypedilum tritum和真凯氏摇蚊Eukiefferiella brehmi对酸和金属均具有较强的耐受力;捕食者和刮食者对矿山酸性废水带来的污染反应最为敏感。逐步回归分析表明:大型底栖动物生物多样性受Al、Ca、Cd、Fe、Mg、Mn等金属影响最大;密度受Ca、Cr和Mg的影响最大。

To evaluate the impacts of acid mine drainage on macroinvertebrate community and the pollution in Gaolan River, metals and macroinvertebrates were quantitatively investigated in November 2006 and January 2007. The results show that acid mine drainage is the major factor impacting the macroinvertebrate community in the upsteam of Gaolan River; macroinvertebrates communities are significantly affected by acid mine drainage from pyrite about 16 km downstream of the mine water discharge point ; Polypedilum tritum and Eukiefferiella brehmi are tolerant of both acid and metals ; predators and scrapers of macroinvertebrates are most sensitive to the pollution of acid mine drainage; the biodiversity of macroinvertebrates is impacted by aluminum, calcium, cadmium, ferrum, magnesium and manganese; and the density is significantly impacted by cadmium, chromium and magnesium.