共产国际与西路军的失败

The Communist International and Failure of the West-Route-Army

红军西路军的失败,是中共党史、军史上最大的悲剧之一。以往,无论是《毛泽东选集》与权威的中共党史著作,还是西路军幸存的高级将领及一般官兵都认为,1936年10月西路军经甘肃河西走廊向新疆方向前进,是按张国焘的擅自命令和右倾机会主义路线向西逃跑。然而,历史真相却是红军经长征到达陕北后,鉴于该地的生存危机,乃向共产国际提出援助要求,同时制定了《宁夏战役计划》,即红军几个方面军西进,占领西兰大道与宁夏北、南部,以打通国际路线,靠近苏联。共产国际和斯大林批准了这个计划,共产国际与季米特洛夫等在随后的红军西征及西路军失败的过程中,多次给予了援助。实际上,张国焘对《宁夏战役》是持反对意见的,其原因一是考虑宁夏地域狭小,不利发展;二是为了保存四方面军的实力。但最终张国焘在与中央领导包括陈昌浩发生矛盾后,作了妥协,并让陈昌浩向下作了传达,这就是张国焘再次分裂红军的由来。

The failure of the West-Route-Army was the biggest tragedy in history of the CPC.In the past,whether authority works of the history of CPC or those surviving senior officers and junior soldiers of the West-Route-Army all considered that West-Route-Army followed Zhang Guotao's command to march to Xinjiang in Oct.1936.But the true reality was that when Red Army arrived at northern Shanxi,given the survival crisis there,it asked for help to the Communist International.At the same time,it made 'Ningxia Campaign Plan',that is,several armies of Red Army plan to march westward to conquer north and south parts of Ningxia in order to near the Soviet Union.The Communist International and Stalin agreed the plan and helped West-Route-Army several times.In fact,Zhang Guotao disagreed to the plan because he wanted to keep the power of the 4th front army.But he compromised at last.