射箭技术评价指标的综合研究

Research on Technical Movement Evaluation Index of Archery

方法:运用Qualisisy红外光点测试系统、Footscan足底压力测试系统、Noraxon肌电遥测系统等对国家队射箭队运动员进行测试,对运动员的射箭动作技术进行分析。结论:1)姿态角、肌肉用力激活程度、举弓阶段主要用力肌肉激活顺序、举弓、开弓时间等的一致性可作为射箭技术评价指标;2)各动作阶段所用时间的长短不能作为技术评价指标,但开举弓时间比与中国国家队射箭成绩正相关;3)基础平衡的足底压力中心指标可作为身体素质、选材及成绩预测的参考依据;4)射箭运动员实射时身体在前、后方向上的稳定性较差,主要与腹背肌力量的不均衡及没有专业运动鞋有关;5)运动学及肌电学都表明,中国射箭训练对举弓、开弓阶段的重视不够,背部肌肉用力特征不明显,撒放技术合理性不高。建议:1)快节奏只是个别运动员的特点,不能因为团体比赛时限缩短而过多强调快节奏。2)采用振动法或不稳定支撑面的力量训练方法进行力量训练。因为这两种训练方法不仅可增加肌肉力量,而且可使神经肌肉的协调性、本体感受器得到训练,从而增强对射箭动作的感觉能力;3)为射箭运动员定制或选择有防滑块鞋底、前后上翘程度符合运动员脚型特点的射箭专用鞋。

Based on the literature review and expert interview, this paper finds out that the main reason of the unsuccessful achievement in China＇ s archery is the low mastery of the technical movement. So the author, on the basis of testing the archery athletes in national team with the Qualisisy infrared photoelectric testing system, Footscan sole pressure testing system, Noraxon myoelectricity remote testing system, etc, analyzes comprehensively the technical movement of the athletes in national team from the posture, body motion characteristics, body posture equilibrium and stability, distribution of centre sole pressure, myoelectricity characteristics, etc, with the methods of relative software and data statistics. The conclusions and the suggestions are as follows ： Conclusion： Firstly, the communality of posture angle, muscle strength, the activation order of main muscle during raising the bow, raising the bow and the timing of the raising could be used as the evaluation index of technique action in archery; Secondly, the length of the time needed in the different periods couldn＇t be used as technical evaluation index. But the time of raising and pulling back the row has a positive relation with the archery achievement of the national team in China. Thirdly, the central index of the sole pressure could be used as the reference criterion of selecting athletes and forecasting achievement. Fourthly, there is low stability of the archery athletes in the front and back direction during the action, caused by the athletes＇ posture disequilibrium of dorsal abdominal muscle and non-professional sport shoes. Fifthly, kinematics and electromyography shows that the people on archery in China haven＇t taken the raising and pulling back the row seriously. And there is no absolute character in the back muscle and low rationality in the action technique. Suggestion： Firstly, we should make or choose special archery shoes which have slip-resistant sole and suitable degree of bend in the front and back. Secondly, the athletes should adopt the vibration training method or the strength training method with unstable supporting surface. Because these two methods can not only activate motion element which couldn＇t be activated in most of time, but also add up the harmonization of the nerve muscle and make the proprioceptor trained. Thirdly, fast rhythm is the character of only some individual ; therefore, we should put the emphasis on the action quality. We shouldn＇t emphasize too much about the fast rhythm because of the shortened time for the preparation for the team competition.