流动改进剂对含水原油集输极限温度的影响

The Limiting Pipeline Transportation Temperature of Watercut Oil as Influenced by Flow Improver

在管道直径76、62、50mm，管长30m，实验管段长20m的实验管路装置上，研究了大庆采油一厂含水90％的采出液（简称含水原油）的流动特性。根据不同温度下（32～45℃的5个温度下）不同直径管路中含水原油的压力梯度～流量关系及油流是否维持连续而不出现间断段塞，测得该含水原油的极限（最低）管输温度为35℃。加入不同量流动改进剂DODE，在50mm管路内作相同测试，求得流动改进剂最佳加量为200mg／L，加剂含水原油极限管输温度为27℃。测得不同温度下压力梯度均随管径增大而下降，故增大管径可以降低极限输油温度。大庆油田所属9个采油厂在集输含水原油时使用DODE系列流动改进剂，输油温度下限由35～45℃降至20～30℃，降幅约为10℃。讨论了DODE的减阻机理：生成油珠粒径粗大的拟水包油乳状液；管壁形成亲水膜。图8表1参4。

The flow characteristics of a 90 % watercut crude oil produced at the 1st Daqing Oil Production Factory are investigated on a laboratory experimental installation with conduit 76, 62 and 50 mm in diameter and 30 m long（working length 20 m）. On the basis of pressure gradient-flow rate relationships at different experimental temperatures, 32--45℃, for different conduit diameter with flow stream continuity as a crioterium, the limiting pipeline transportation temperature（LPTT） for this high watercut oil is determined as 35℃. With a IX）DE type flow improver added, the LPTT determined is of 27℃ at optimal flow improver dosage 200 nag/ L in conduit 50 mm in diameter. The pressure gradient at every experimental temperature decreases with increasing conduit diameter thus the LPTT can be lowered down in larger size pipelines. At 9 oil production factories of Daqing, the LPTT for watercut crude oils transported in gathering pipelines is successfully lowered down by ca 10℃, from 35--45℃ to 20--30℃, with the help of DODE flow improver. The drag reducing mechanisms by DODE are discussed： formation of O/W pseudoemulsions with coarse oil droplets; hydrophilic film formation on pipeline walls.