不同状态膨化硝酸铵的自敏化结构研究

The Self-sensitizing Structure of Expanded Ammonium Nitrate with Different States

采用真空析晶法制备不同状态膨化硝酸铵(EAN)样品,利用密度测试法、N2吸附法、扫描电镜法、板痕试验法测试普通硝酸铵(AN)和不同状态EAN的孔隙率、孔隙结构、比表面积、粒子表面形貌及雷管起爆感度和作功能力。结果表明:普通AN颗粒表面比较规则光滑、密实、孔隙率和比表面积低;EAN样品颗粒表面不规则,存在大量棱角、突起、晶形严重歧化,比表面积大、孔隙率高,具有典型的自敏化结构特征;用不同状态EAN样品制得的铵油炸药(ANFO)的雷管起爆感度和作功能力与AN结构密切相关,膨化ANFO样品的雷管起爆感度和作功能力较普通ANFO样品高。实验所采用的表征技术可用于揭示不同状态EAN的自敏化结构。

The expanded ammonium nitrate（EAN） samples with different states were prepared by using a vacuum crystallizing technology. The structure characters, such as porosity, pore structure, specific surface area, particle surface shape and surface defects, and detonator initiation sensitivity and work capacity of common ammonium nitrate（AN） and EAN with different states were investigated using density measuring, N2 adsorbing, scanning electric microscopy（SEM） and plate trace test methods. The results show that the particle surface of common AN is smoother, denser, lower porosity and specific surface area than that of EAN; the particle surface of EAN is rather irregular, has edges, protuberances, severe dismatation crystal form, larger specific surface area and porosity than those of unexpanded AN, typical self-sensitized structure characters; the detonator initiation sensitivity and work capacity of ammonium nitrate-fuel oil （ANFO） made of different states of AN are closely related to the self-sensitized structures of EAN; the expanded ANFO sample has higher detonator initiation sensitivity and work capacity compared to un-expanded ANFO sample. The characterization techniques can be used to reveal the self-sensitizing structure of EAN with different states.