控释掺混肥对花生生育期间剖面土壤铵态氮和硝态氮含量变化的影响

Effect of Controlled Release Blend Bulk Fertilizers on the Soil Ammonium and Nitrate Nitrogen Content during the Growing Season of Peanut

以普通单质肥料为原料,制备了N∶P2O4∶K2O比例分别为14∶13∶15,11∶14∶17和14∶14∶17的3种控释掺混肥料,于2007年在山东省泰安市徂徕镇进行田间试验,研究了不同配方控释掺混肥料品种对花生生育期间剖面土壤铵态氮和硝态氮含量动态变化的影响。结果表明,在花生不同生育期不同施肥处理剖面土壤中的铵态氮耕层含量最高,随剖面深度的增加呈现出先降低后升高再降低的变化趋势,硝态氮随剖面土壤深度的增加变化趋势与铵态氮相同,但含量升高的土层随生育期的延长不断加深。与常规肥料相比施用控释掺混肥料能够在结荚期和饱果成熟期提高剖面相同土层土壤中铵态氮的含量,降低硝态氮的含量,减少对地下水产生污染的风险。能克服常规肥料苗期养分过多造成烧苗和生长后期养分供应不足的缺点,不同配方的3种控释掺混肥的一次性施用显著优于一次性施用常规肥料。与普通肥料相比,不同品种控释掺混肥处理提高肥效降低污染风险的效益顺序为:控释掺混肥料1>控释掺混肥料2>控释掺混肥料3。

In order to made controlled release blend bulk fertilizers for peanut, three controlled release blend bulk fertilizers, the ratio of N ： P2O4 ： K2O were 14 ： 13 ： 15,11 ： 14 ： 17 and 14 ： 14 ： 17, were made of common straight fertilizers （urea, diammonium phosphate, potassium chloride and sulphate potassium）. In 2007, a field experiment was conducted to study the effect of eontrolled release blend bulk fertilizers on the soil ammonium and nitrogen dynamics during the growing season of peanut at Culai town, Taian city, Shandong province. The result showed that soil ammonium content of 0 - 20 cm layer is highest. In the soil profile, the soil ammonium contents show the trent of decreasing, increasing and decreasing with the profile depth. And the nitrate nitrogen content of profile soil has the same change trent with soil ammonium, but the increasing layer of soil nitrate nitrogen is more and more deep during the peanut growing seasons. Comparing to single applying common fertilizers, the controlled release blend bulk fertilizers increased soil ammonium content of same profile layers of single applying common fertilizers treatment in podding stage and mature stage. And the controlled release blend bulk fertilizers can reduce the nitrate nitrogen content of same profile layers of CF treatment. It show that the controlled release blend bulk fertilizers can reduce the soil nitrate nitrogen content and decrease the disaster of water being polluted. And it can overcome the shortcoming of single applying common fertilizers that nitrogen is too much in seeding stage and nitrogen is too small in others growing stage. Comparing bulk fertilizers increased nitrogen utilization and reduce to single applying common fertilizers, the controlled release blend groundwater pollution. In the three kinds controlled release blend bulk fertilizers, the sequence of effect is controlled release blend bulk fertilizersl 〉 controlled release blend bulk fertilizers2 〉 controlled release blend bulk fertilizers3.