我国海水利用现状及其对环境的影响

Seawater utilization and impact on environment in China

海水利用为解决全球水资源短缺提供了重要途径。本文综述了世界范围内海水利用方面的进展情况,评述了大生活用水和工业冷却水等海水直接利用及海水淡化过程对海洋环境的影响,特别是高温冷却海水和海水淡化浓盐水的排放以及化学物质的加入对海水水质、海洋生物的影响,并提出了预防和减轻这些影响的措施和方法。

The seawater utilization provided an important way to solve the shortage of water resources worldwide. In this paper, the progress of the seawater utilization in the world was described. The impacts of seawater desalination on marine environment was reviewed, especially the impacts on seawater quality and marine organisms of brine discharge with high temperature, high salinity, and chemical materials. The countermeasures are proposed to prevent or decrease the impacts mentioned above.