鱼耳石微化学特征在湖库水质评价中的标型意义——以河北白洋淀和北京密云水库野生鲤鱼为例

MICRO-CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF CARP OTOLITHS AND THEIR TYPOMORPHIC SIGNIFICANCE IN THE EVALUATION OF WATER QUALITY IN LAKES AND RESERVOIRS——AS EXEMPLIFIED BY THE BAIYANGDIAN LAKE,HEBEI PROVINCE AND THE MIYUN RESERVOIR,BEIJING

对河北白洋淀和北京密云水库的野生鲤鱼耳石和水体中的微量元素进行了定量分析。白洋淀鱼耳石中诸微量元素含量均高于密云水库的鱼耳石,反映了白洋淀各水体较密云水库水体的环境复杂,污染程度高。统计分析结果表明,在鱼耳石中大致存在两类生物地球化学习性不同的元素,水体中第一类元素的变化不会引起耳石中相应元素的响应,如Au、K和Na;第二类元素的变化会引起耳石中相应元素的强烈响应,如As、Ba、Co、Cr、Fe、Sr和Zn。诸微量元素在耳石中富集的强弱顺序为,Zn>Sr>Se>Fe>As>Ba>K>Co>Au>Na>Cr。通过相关性分析发现,白洋淀和密云水库的鱼耳石和水体中对应微量元素平均含量的自然对数值之间均存在良好的线性关系。

Trace elements in otoliths of the wild carps （cyprinoid） from the Baiyangdian Lake of Hebei Province and the Miyun Reservoir in the Beijing metropolitan were quantitatively analyzed. The contents of trace elements in otoliths of wild carps growing up in the Baiyangdian Lake are higher than in the Miyun Reservoir. The phenomenon indicates that the environment of the Baiyangdian Lake is more complex and more seriously polluted than that of the Miyun Reservoir. There are two kinds of elements in otoliths that have different bio-geochemical characteristics. One can not make the corresponding elements in water intensively respond, such as Au, K, and Na, on the contrary, the other can make the corresponding elements in water respond, such as As, Ba, Co, Cr, Fe, Sr, and Zn. The concentration coefficients of trace elements in otoliths follow the increasing order of Zn 〉 Sr 〉 Se 〉 Fe 〉 As 〉 Ba 〉 K 〉 Co 〉 Au 〉 Na 〉 Cr. The contents of trace elements in otoliths and water from the Baiyangdian Lake and Miyun Reservoir have a linear correlation.