人文社会科学研究的问题意识、学理意识和方法意识

Consciousness of Problem,Principle and Methodology in Humanity and Social Sciences Research

近代自然科学通过对科学概念的确定性假设为自己划定了学科阈限,提供了一个理性的知识结构和严格的方法论原则。受其影响,人文社会科学在一百多年的发展中始终为自身的不确定性而苦恼。规律是人文社会科学关于确定性的幻觉,是近代科学观向社会科学扩张的反映。社会科学不应追求那种现实中一般并不存在的假设的东西,而应揭示貌似自然的事实背后的利益关系以及由此而产生的一系列价值选择活动。人文社会科学不是严格意义上的科学,而是一个专门化的研究领域。人文社会科学应当树立专门的研究意识,即问题意识、学理意识和方法意识。"法无定法,道有常道"是人文社会科学研究的方法论特征。

Modern natural sciences circumscribed its own disciplinary scope by assuming the definiteness of scientific conceptions and provided a rational structure and strict methodological principle. Social sciences, influenced by natural sciences, have always been troubled by such an indefiniteness in the development of the past over one hundred years. Regularity is, however, an illusionary understanding of definiteness for social sciences; it is a reflection of the modern scientific view that has extended over to social sciences. Social sciences should not pursue the assumptions that do not exist in reality, but reveal the relation of interest behind the seemingly natural facts and hence a series of value selection activities. Social sciences are not sciences in the strict sense. Rather, they are specialized research areas. Social sciences need to set up professional research consciousness different from that of natural sciences, namely, the consciousness of problems, principles and methodologies. ＂The methodological property of social sciences is that ＂regularity is uncertain but there is a routine to follow＂.