四川省乙型肝炎血清流行病学调查

A seroepidemiologic analysis of hepatitis B in Sichuan province

目的了解乙型肝炎（乙肝）疫苗纳入儿童计划免疫后四川省乙肝病毒（HBV）感染情况。方法利用血清流行病学分析方法，按多阶段随机抽样方法，对四川省8个调查县（区）共14个调查点调查并采集静脉血标本2-4ml，共3806人份，用ELISA酶标法对标本进行HBsAg、抗-HBs、抗-HBc检测。结果14个调查点人群HBsAg标化阳性率为7.05％；抗-HBs标化流行率为29.77％，HBV流行率为40.30％。15岁以下人群乙肝疫苗接种率为70.73％，HBsAg阳性率为2.62％，抗.HBs56.68％；5岁以下儿童乙肝疫苗接种率为83.44％，HBsAg阳性率为1.47％，抗-HBs阳性率为67.69％。3岁以下儿童乙肝疫苗接种率为85.77％，HBsAg、抗-HBs阳性率分别为1.78％、75.44％。结论四川省开展乙肝疫苗接种以来，人群乙肝流行病学特征发生改变，HBsAg阳性率、HBV流行率均有不同程度下降，15岁以下儿童下降更为明显。

Objective To understand the changes of hepatitis B infection rates, before and after the hepatitis B vaccine was included into EPI, and to evaluate the effect of immunization which would lead to the development of a more appropriate hepatitis B control strategy. Methods Seroepidemiologic method, with multi-section random sampling method were chosen. 14 sites from 8 counties were involved. 2-4 ml of the vein blood was drawn from all the individuals engaged in the study including 3806 samples. HBsAg, anti-HBs, anti-HBc of the samples were tested with ELISA. Results Standardized positive rates of HBsAg and HBsAb were found as 7.05% and 29.77% respectively with the overall infection rate of HBV as 40.30%. The hepatitis B vaccine coverage of the children under 15 years was 70.73% and the positive rates for both HBsAg and anti-HBs were 2.62% and 56.68%, respectively. The coverage of hepatitis B vaccine among children under 3 years was 83.44% and the positive rates of both HBsAg and anti-HBs were 1.47% and 67.69% respectively, hepatitis B vaccine coverage of children under 3 years was 85.77%, with positive rates of HBsAg and anti-HBs as 1.78% and 75.44% respectively. Conclusion Results fi＇om our study revealed that since the introduction of hepatitis B vaccination, the prevalence rates of HBsAg and HBV infection had an obvious decline, especially in children aged under 15 years of old, suggesting that some changes had occurred in the epidemic characteristics of hepatitis B in Sichuan.