做一个“好女孩(人)”：戒律、话语及典仪--多层面解读伊迪丝·华顿的《夏》

Becoming a "Good Girl/Woman":Law,Language, and Ritual——A Multi-layered Analysis of Edith Wharton's Summer

伊迪丝·华顿是20世纪初美国文学界重要的女作家。在中篇小说《夏》中,华顿一改所擅长的刻画纽约上流社会贵妇人的风俗小说创作特色,以细腻的笔触描写了生活在社会底层的女主人公夏绿蒂.罗约尔及其对男权社会的反抗。本文试图从性别学、符号学以及人类学等诸多层面上分析《夏》所折射的象征秩序中戒律、话语、典仪等压制女性的因素,指出华顿希望通过对夏绿蒂生活际遇的摹写,反映妇女对菲勒斯中心主义社会既妥协又颠覆的双重态度。

Edith Wharton was an important American woman writer at the beginning of the 20th century. With a delicate description of the resistance of her heroine Charity Royall, Wharton presents in Summer a unique life experience of the girl in a lower class, not as the delineation of noble women in New York high class in her novels of manners. In perspectives of gender studies, semiotics and anthropology, this essay makes an analysis of such factors as law, language, and ritual that repress women in the then symbolic order. The present author argues Wharton, through her description of the heroine＇s misplacement in the pallogocentral structure, reveals Charity＇s dual attitude - the capitulation to the Law of the Father and the subversion of it.