山西省饮用水高氟水源筛查结果分析

Outcome analysis on screening of drinking water source with high fluoride in Shanxi Province

目的了解山西省饮水型地方性氟中毒（简称地氟病）病区的饮用水水氟分布现状，为防治工作提供科学依据。方法根据国家《地方病防治项目技术方案》，2004—2006年在山西省的8个市，对有饮水型地氟病病区分布的60个县（市、区）进行水氟筛查，采用氟离子选择电极法检测水氟。结果共筛查了60个县（市、区）的2990个村．水氟超标（〉1．00mg／L）的村为1658个，占55．45％，最高为9．72mg／L。高氟村主要分布于太原、大同、忻定、临汾、运城5个盆地，占全省高氟村数的89．63％（1486／1658），其他地区高氟村散在分布；5个盆地的水氟分布不相同（H=316．10，P〈0．05），大同盆地水氟（2．32mg／L）高于其他盆地（P均〈0．05），超标率为81．16％（336／414）。结论山西省高氟水源分布范围广，主要集中在5个盆地，水氟超标情况仍较严重，防治任务依然艰巨，应加大改水力度，进一步提高防治效果。

Objective To become aware of the present distribution of drinking water source with high fluoride in endemic fluorosis disease areas in Shanxi Province, and to provide the evidence for making scientific and effective tactics in prevention and control. Methods According to ＂The National Technical Scheme for Endemic Disease Control＂ in the year 2004 to 2006, the investigation points were selected in 60 counties at 8 cities of Shanxi Province. The fluoride levels of water were determined by fluoride selective ion electrode. Results The fluoride content of water was determined in 2990 villages in 60 counties. Water fluorides content of 1658 villages were above 1.00 mg/L, accounted for 55.45%（1658/2990）. The highest water fluoride content was 9.72 mg/L. Villages with high fluoride water in Taiyuan, Datong, Xinding, Linfen, Yuncheng basins accounted for 89.63% （1486/1658） among villages with high fluoride in Shanxi Province. In Shanxi Province the villages with high fluoride water were mainly distributed over 5 basins and scattered on the other areas. The distribution of drinking water source with high fluoride were different in 5 basins（H = 316.10, P 〈 0.05）. The Water fluorides content in Datong basin （2.32 rag/L） was significantly higher than that of the other basins （P 〈 0.05） and the ratio of drinking water fluoride levels under the national standard was 81.16%（336/414） in Datong basin. Conclusions Drinking water source with high fluoride are widespread distributed in Shanxi Province and mainly distributed in 5 basins. The situation of drinking water fluoride levels under the national standard is serious. The task of prevention and control for endemic fluorosis is still arduous. Therefore, we should strength water improving to raise the effect of prevention and treatment.