超声技术的基石——超声换能器的原理及设计

Foundations of ultrasonic technology——the theory and design of ultrasonic transducers

超声换能器是在超声频率范围内将交变的电信号转换成声信号或者将外界声场中的声信号转换为电信号的能量转换器件,它是超声技术中的关键器件,其性能好坏直接关系到超声应用技术的效果和使用范围.由于超声技术的应用范围很广,且超声新技术层出不穷,因而与此对应的超声换能器的种类也很多.文章对不同应用背景下多种类型超声换能器的原理及设计进行了阐述,分析了不同类型超声换能器的性能参数及设计要求,简要总结了超声换能器的性能参数测试方法,并对超声换能器的发展趋势进行了一定的分析.

Ultrasonic transducers convert electric signals into acoustic signals in the ultrasonic frequency range, or vice versa. They are key devices in ultrasonic technology and their performance determines the effectiveness and uses of ultrasonic technology. Because of their diverse applications, there are many types of ultrasonic transducers. In this paper, various transducers for different applications are described, and their theory, design and performance requirements are analyzed. Their characterization is also outlined, and development trends are analyzed.