国内外钻井液用抗高温改性淀粉的研究进展

Research Advances on Modified Starch with High-temperature Tolerance Used for Drilling Fluid at Home and Abroad

改性淀粉是石油钻井中常用的钻井液降滤失处理剂之一,具有原材料丰富、无毒等特点,在钻井过程中主要起降失水、抗盐抗钙,且可减少钻井液对环境和油层污染等作用。改性淀粉用作油田化学品的研究在国外已有60多年的历史,我国则起步于上世纪80年代初期。近些年来,随着石油勘探开发向深层的逐步深入,国内外学者开始注重钻井液用环保型抗高温改性淀粉的研究,但目前抗温改性淀粉主要分为两个方向,其中接枝共聚类改性淀粉抗温性能较好,但不易降解;传统醚化类改性淀粉虽具有环保特性,但其抗温性能较差,普遍抗温在130℃以下,在油气勘探开发中受到了极大的限制,因此有必要对抗温130℃以上的环保型抗高温改性淀粉进行深入研究。介绍了国内外钻井液用抗高温改性淀粉的研究进展,分析了钻井液用抗高温改性淀粉的发展方向。

The modified starch,one of the common drilling fluid filtration reducer in oilfield,has features of abundant raw materials and biodegradable and so on.It plays the role of fluid loss reducing,salt resisting and anti-calcium,and it can effectively reduce the contamination of the drilling fluid on the environment and reservoir.The research of the modified starch has the history for more than 60 years in foreign countries as oilfield chemical agent;but it started from early stage of 1980s in China.In recent years,with the research on the deep zone of exploration and development of petroleum,the scholars began to focus on the high-temperature-tolerance modified starch with environmental protection.The research on high-temperature-tolerance modified starch may be divided into two main directions:graft copolymerization modified starch and traditional etherification modified starch.The former has good temperature resistance,but it is not easy to degrade;The later has the features of environmental protection,but it has poor temperature resistance(below 130℃),which results in great limitation in the exploration and development of oil and gas.It is necessary to research on the high-temperature-tolerance modified starch with environmental protection above 130℃.The research advance of the modified starch with high temperature resistance is introduced recently at home and abroad and the direction of development on it for drilling fluid is analyzed.