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我国作物种质资源研究的现状与展望 被引量:42

Today and Tomorrow of Crop Germplasm Resources in China
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摘要 本文简述了我国作物种质资源研究发展的概况和成就.自50年代以来,通过征集和考察共收集1160种作物种质资源36万份,在数量上跃居世界第二位.建成了现代化的国家作物种质库,实现了长期保存和复份保存.加上各地的中期库和种质圃,全国已初步形成了种质资源保存网.对全部种质资源进行了农艺性状鉴定和编目,对约20万份进行了初步的抗病虫、抗逆和品质鉴定.建立了作物种质资源信息系统.开始应用分子生物技术对种质资源进行鉴定和遗传多样性分析.若要安全保存我国已有的作物种质资源,国家须经常固定投入一定数量经费.预计将构建各种作物的核心种质,以减轻保存的负担和提高利用效率.今后作物种质资源工作的重点必定是在继续做好收集和保存的同时,大力加强研究和利用.应用现代分子生物技术与常规技术相结合,挖掘和利用新的优良基因,促进育种和农业生产发展. :In this paper, the history, achievements and current status of crop germplasm resources in China are briefly reviewed. Since the 1950s, about 360,000 accessions of germplasms for 160 different crops have been collected via acquisition and exploration, giving China the second larges crop germplasm collection. A national gene bank equipped with the newest instruments has been established for safely longterm conservation of these genetic resources. A duplicate collecrion is conserved in Qinhai. A conservation network has been established with the cooperation of The National Gene Bank, local crop-specific and middle-term-gene banks and field gene banks. The agronomic trairs of More than 300,000 accessions have been characterized and documented. About 200,000 were primarily verified and evaluated for pest resistance, abiotic stress tolerance and quality characters. A National Crop Germplasm Information System has also been set up. Biotechnology has been used initially for verification and genetic diversity analysis of these collections. The sate conservation and efficient utilization of these resources the central government will requirecontinuing fi-naneial support from. In the next century, besides continuous collection and conservation, intensive research and utilization of these resources will be the major tasks in Chinese crop germplasm work. Establishment of core collections for most crops will be fundamental steps for more efficient use and conservation of these genetic resources. New bio-techniques will play an important role, in combination with conventional breeding methods for the exploitation and utilization of novel and valuable genes in these collections. This will also promote the sustainable development of agriculture production in China.
作者 董玉琛
出处 《中国农业科技导报》 CAS CSCD 1999年第2期36-40,共5页 Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology
关键词 作物种质资源 成就 展望 Crop germplasm resources Achievement Prospects
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  • 1薛达元,保护世界的生物多样性,1991年
  • 2许运天,基因库与世界食物,1990年
  • 3卜慕华,中国农业科学,1981年,4期,86页

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