地面沉降预测和防治措施研究

Land Subsidence Prediction and Countermeasures

通过各种地面沉降计算方法可以预测沉降发展趋势。国内外在地面沉降计算模型研究方面均有很大发展。文中简述了我国在这方面的发展情况。防治措施是建立在地面沉降预测基础上的。有关防治措施方面的报导却并不太多。上海自６０年代就采取了压缩用水量和回灌地下水的措施，继后采用了调整地下水开采层次的措施，在减缓地面沉降方面有显著的成效。但是，经济发展的需求使我们不能过多减少用水量。这种情况下能否用沉降预测和科学实验来指导防治措施？沉降计算模型的发展和防治措施有没有必然的联系？文中根据对现场资料的分析和室内试验的启示，用三维渗流固结耦合沉降模型进行了计算，并提出了防治措施方面的建设性意见。由此表明，必须把地面沉降研究和防治措施更紧密地结合起来。

The tendency of land subsidence can be predicted by different kinds of computation methods,thus the study on computation models for land subsidence has world widely been developed The development of the computation models in China is briefly described in this paper The countermeasures are based on the prediction of land subsidence But there are a few repors on countermeasures In Shanghai,countermeasures such as restriction of pumping groundwater and artificially recharging griudwater into the deeper aquifers have been adopted since the 1960s, and later on pumping some part of groundwater from the deeper aquifers bave decided All these countermeasures have obvious effect on descending land subsidence However, restricting much usage of groundwater will conflict with the necessity of high economic development Therefore, the following questions are raised: can we use the land subsidence prediction and scientific experiments to direct the countermeasures?Is there any certain relation between the development of computation models and countermeasures?According to some inspiration from the field data and laboratory test results, in this paper the land subsidence computation is conducted by using the 3 D seepage consolidation coupled model,and some constructive suggestions of countermeasures are made