纺织弹性纤维弹性机理及其发展动态

The Mechanism of Elastic and Development Trends of Elastic Textile Fibers

阐述了主要的纺织弹性纤维,包括聚氨酯纤维、聚酯类弹性纤维、复合聚酯弹性纤维、聚烯烃弹性纤维、聚醚酯弹性纤维、硬弹性纤维、形状记忆弹性纤维等的弹性机理,指出这些弹性纤维都是通过具有的"软"链段和"硬"链段交替连接的,或者是具有易伸长和回复的大分子结构产生弹性,除了具有本征弹性外,还结合了形态弹性,具有不同的弹性性能和使用性能。目前弹性纤维的性能经过不断完善,正朝着多样化、功能化的方向发展。

The main elastic textile fibers include the polyurethane fiber, polyester fiber, composite polyester fiber, olefin based fiber, polyester-ether fiber, hard elastic fiber and shape memory fiber. According to the mechanism of elastic, there are two sorts of elastic fibers, which has sandwich copolymer owned ＂soft＂ and ＂hard ＂segments or macromolecular structures possess of easy elongation and recovery properties. Apart from the instinctive elasticity, the fibers also possess the elasticity result from the special configuration. In the light of this, they have different elasticity abilities and use ability. The shortage of the elastic fibers is eliminating gradually, and more diversified and functional elastic fibers will be developed.