谷氨酰胺对断奶仔猪肠道微生物和小肠黏膜形态的影响

Effects of glutamine on intestinal microflora and mucous membrane of weaning piglets

选取64头胎次相同、28日龄断奶、体重相近(7.5 kg左右)、健康的三元杂交仔猪(杜×长×大),随机分为2个处理组,即基础日粮组和添加1%谷氨酰胺(Gln)试验组,每组32头猪(公母各半),平分成4栏进行30 d饲养.饲养试验结束后,每栏分别取1头体重相近的小公猪进行屠宰,分别取直肠、盲肠、结肠内容物进行肠道菌群分析;取十二指肠、空肠和回肠制光镜切片,观察小肠绒毛、隐窝的变化.结果表明:添加1%Gln能改善肠道微生态菌群和小肠黏膜形态,减少致病菌.与对照组相比,直肠、盲肠、结肠内容物中乳酸杆菌分别增加2.8%(P<0.05)、4.1%(P<0.05)和4.0%(P<0.05),双歧杆菌分别增加9.4%(P<0.01)、9.7%(P<0.01)和9.6%(P<0.01),大肠杆菌分别降低3.0%(P<0.05)、2.9%(P<0.05)和3.3%(P<0.05);添加Gln能明显提高断奶仔猪十二指肠、空肠和回肠绒毛高度(P<0.01),降低隐窝深度(P>0.05).

A single factorial trial was conducted to investigate effects of glutamine（Gln） on intestinal microflora and mucous membrane of weaning piglets. Sixty-four healthy 28-day old weaning piglets （Duroc×（Landrace×Yorkshine）） with the same parity, similar body weight （about 7.5 kg） were randomly allotted to two groups（namely the control and the 1% Gin-added group） with four replicates and with eight weaning piglets（half male, half female） in each replicate and were fed for 30 days. One boar with the same weight form each replicate was chosen to be slaughtered after feeding, then contents of recta, cecum and colon were obtained for analysis of intestinal microflora; duodenum, jejunum and ileum were obtained for making optical scanning slice to view changes of intestinal villis and crypts.The results indicated that, addition 1% Gln to diets for weaning piglets could maintain integrity of morphological feature of the intestinal mucosal, improve intestinal microflora, and reduce pathogenic bacteria. Compared with the control, lactobacilluses in the contents of recta, cecum and colon increased 2.8%（P〈0.05）, 4.1%（P〈0.05） and 4.0%（P〈0.05） respectively in the Gln-adding group, bifidobacteria increased 9.4%（P〈0.01）, 9.7%（P〈0.01） and 9.6%（P〈0.01） respectively, Escherichia coli reduced 3.0%（P〈0.05）, 2.9%（P〈0.05） and 3.3%（P〈0.05） respectively. Villus height of duodenum, jejunum and ileum elevated significantly （P〈0.01）, while the crypt depth reduced（P〉0.05） with Gin supplementation.