人类活动干预后的塔里木河水资源持续利用问题

SUSTAINABLE UTILIZATION OF WATER RESOURCES OF TARIM RIVER UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF HUMAN ACTIVITIES

人类活动的加剧，使干旱区河流原有的水文状态发生了很大变化。而如何持续利用变化后的地表水资源，是保证干旱区持续发展的前提之一。该文分析了人类活动对新疆塔里木河流域水文干预的后果，认为人类活动使河流下游径流量减少，水量的时空分布改变，径流规律趋于复杂化。指出，维持一定的河流水量，整治河道和改变用水模式是持续利用塔里木河水资源的保证。

atural conditions of hydrology in Tarim River have been changed under water utilization by human being. The main changes are: (1) yearly runoff of Tarim River decreased by about 20% by average in recent 40 years. (2) water consumption along the river has changed since 1956, its runoff increased from 264% to 435% in the upper reaches, from 459% to 487% in the middle reaches, and decreased from 277% to 78% in the lower reaches. (3) the percentage of yearly runoff in flood season has increased in the upper reaches, and decreased in the lower reaches. (4) water quality became inferior, mineralization of water is higher in the upper reaches than in the lower reaches.The way to continually using water resources in Tarim River Basin after these changes should be: (1) the yearly runoff from the source rivers to Tarim River is above 43×10 8 m 3, so that the basic water requirement of Tiram River can be satisfied. (2) reducing water consumption in the upper reaches and middle reaches through dredging the river to increase runoff in lower reaches. (3) changing traditional way of using water resources and developing the agriculture system and ecological system of saving water.