金代镇的若干问题研究

A Study on Some Questions of the Towns in Jin Dynasty

金代镇的数目与其系年问题尚无确论,本文经过研究认为,至章宗泰和八年金代存有镇518个,之前曾有镇578个。金代镇的长官职同宋代的镇监,称为"知镇",被纳入国家职官建制之中;镇上另设有同监、巡检、司吏、提控等官员,与知镇共同负责民事、词讼、税收、户口、治安、防御等事务。定居人口的增加和镇市建筑的修建表明镇已具有了城镇的完备形态,并承担着经济、行政和军事等诸多职能。

There is no assured number of the towns and its year in Jin Dynasty. This paper tells us that Jin Dynasty had 518 towns till Zhangzong Taihe （章宗泰和） 8 year and 578 towns before that time. The governor of one town, who is called ＂Zhi-zhen＂（知镇） belonging to official organizational system of the country, has the same power as ＂Zhen-jian＂（镇监） in Song Dynasty. Tong-jian （同监）, Xun-jian （巡检）, Si-li （司吏） and Ti-kong（提控） , together with Zhi-zhen, jointly take charge of the civil affairs, legal cases, revenue, household register, order, defense and so on in one town. The increase of the inhabitants and the construction of the urban buildings indicate that the town have an integrated modality, and the town undertake some functions like economy, administration and military affairs.