薄壁零件装夹方案设计与优化

Design and Optimization Method for Fixture Layout and Clamping Forces on Thin-walled Workpieces

针对薄壁零件刚性差,制造过程中在夹具夹紧力和切削力的作用下,容易产生加工变形,严重影响加工精度和表面质量等问题,分析和阐述了提高薄壁零件加工精度的装夹设计方法。研究了基于遗传算法和有限元方法的薄壁零件夹具布局和夹紧力的同步优化设计方法,以一壳体薄壁零件为例,进行了其夹具的装夹方案设计以及夹具布局和夹紧力的同步优化。结果表明该优化方法可以有效地降低由于装夹不当所引起的工件变形程度,提高工件的加工精度。

Based on the machining errors of thin-walled workpieces with low stiffness, that it was produced by clamping forces and cutting forces imposing them in the manufacturing process, some design methods of fixture was presented in order to gain good machining precision.A new Optimization Method using Genetic Algorithm and finite element method for Fixture Layout and Clamping Forces was researched. For a thin-walled case as an example, the scheme design of its fixture and optimization design on its fixture layout and clamping forces were carried out. It can be shown that the presented method can effectively reduce the deformation of the thinwalled case caused by unreasonable fixture layout and clamping forces in manufacturing process.