藏传佛教中的女性主义文化内涵探析

On Cultural Connotation of Feminism in Tibetan Buddhism

藏族是一个基本上全民信仰藏传佛教的民族。在藏传佛教复杂的神灵谱系中存在着大量特色鲜明、地位显赫的女性神灵。千百年来,她们被藏族人民赋予了各种各样的神圣功能。以丰实的藏汉文资料为依据,从女性主义的视角,追溯藏传佛教女性观的思想渊源,并通过女性神灵信仰阐释藏传佛教中蕴含的复杂的女性主义文化内涵。从中可以看出,这种女性主义文化理念对现实生活中藏族女性社会角色的建构产生了深刻影响。

Tibetan is an ethnic group that almost all members of the group believe in Tibetan Buddhism. There exist considerable female deities with peculiar feature and powerful status in sophisticated deity pedigree. In the long history of development, these female deities have been endowed different divine functions. This article attempts to trace the ideological origin of Tibetan feminism, explaining the complex feminism cultural connotation embedded in Tibetan Buddhism through analyzing the beliefs of female deities based on sufficient Tibetan and Mandarin materials from the perspective of feminism.