高压油缸的应力分析及其优化设计

The Stress Analysis and the Optimum Design for High-pressure Oil Cylinder

采用常规方法和有限元分析,确定油缸上应力梯度的分布情况。对于厚壁液压缸,由于应力梯度的影响,应力由内到外迅速减弱;内层屈服时,外层应力很低,因此,单纯依靠增加壁厚来提高其耐压能力收效甚微。但是如果采用预应力结构进行设计,可以获得较为合理的应力分布,缩小内外层应力差值。为了合理利用材料,使结构紧凑,需从结构上采用优化设计。

By the general method and the finite element analysis, the distributing situation of the stress gradient on the oil cylinder has been gained. For the thick-walled hydraulic cylinder, as infected by the stress gradient, the stress value rapidly reduces from the inside to the outside. When the inside submits, the outside＇s stress is very low, so its loading capacity is little improved by simply increasing the thickness. But if the pre-stress structure is adopted, the appropriate stress-distribution can be achieved, and the stress difference of the inside and the outside can be reduced. So the optimum design has been adopted in structure in order to make use of the material reasonably and compact the structure.