注意缺陷多动障碍共患学习障碍平衡功能研究

The balance function in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder with/without learning disabilities

目的探讨共患学习障碍(LD)是否增加注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)患儿平衡功能损害的程度。方法1999年11月至2001年11月北京大学精神卫生研究所门诊就诊患儿,使用平衡功能测试仪对单纯ADHD组、ADHD共患LD组和正常对照组各30名的平衡功能进行比较。结果单纯ADHD组在右侧单腿睁眼、闭眼状态下晃动速率均明显高于正常对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。在海绵垫平面睁眼、海绵垫平面闭眼、左侧单腿睁眼、闭眼状态下晃动速率高于正常对照组,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。ADHD共患LD组在固定平面睁眼、闭眼、左侧单腿睁眼、闭眼、右侧单腿睁眼、闭眼状态下的晃动速率明显高于正常对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01或P<0.05)。在海绵垫平面睁眼、海绵垫平面闭眼状态下晃动速率高于正常对照组,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论单纯ADHD在感觉冲突情况下存在明显平衡功能缺陷。共患LD的ADHD患儿在基础状态下平衡功能即存在明显缺陷,其平衡功能受损广泛。提示在临床中对共患LD的患儿应重视开展平衡功能康复训练。

Objective To explore the balance function in children with ADHD with / without LD. Methods The study involved ADHD with LD children, pure ADHD children and normal controls. Balance function was assessed with the Balance Master in different conditions. Results In the conditions of right unilateral stance with eye open and right unilateral stance with eye close, the sway velocities of ADHD only group were significantly higher than those of the typical control group （P 〈 0.05）o In the conditions of foam surface with eyes open, foam surface with eyes close, left unilateral stance with eye open and left unilateral stance with eye close, the sway velocities of ADHD only group had a significant tendency compared with those of the typical control group （P 〉 0.05）. In the conditions of foam surface with eyes open and foam surface with eyes close and left unilateral stance with eyes open and left unilateral stance with eyes close and right unilateral stance with eyes open and right unilateral stance with eyes close , the sway velocities of ADHD ＋ LD group were significantly higher than those of the control group （P 〈 0.05）. In the conditions of foam surface with eyes open, foam surface with eyes close, the sway velocities of ADHD＋LD group had a significant tendency compared with those of the typical control group（P 〉 0.05）. Conclusion In the condition of sensory contradiction, ADHD-only group has balance impairment. ADHD＋LD group has balance impairment in the basic condition, and they have a wider impairment. It indicates that we should emphasize balance function training in ADHD＋LD group.