基于人工模拟试验的小秦岭金矿区矿渣型泥石流起动研究

RESEARCH ON STARTING OF MINE DEBRIS FLOW BASED ON ARTIFICIAL SIMULATION EXPERIMENT IN XIAOQINLING GOLD ORE AREA

遵循相似性原理,采用缩尺结构,以小秦岭金矿区采矿堆排的废渣作为物源进行直斜式模拟起动试验,探讨影响和控制矿渣型泥石流起动的颗粒级配、底床坡度、临界水量等主要因子之间的定量关系。初步试验表明,颗粒级配一定时,底床坡度愈大,其起动的临界水量值愈小。含有一定水份的湿渣比干渣更易起动。对于坡面上的矿渣堆,在饱和度一定的情况下,底床坡度愈大,愈易起动。当试验中细粒物质含量占到总量的28%时,起动所需水量最小。废渣堆质量愈大,渣堆高度愈高,矿渣愈易起动。三角形断面较其他形态断面易起动。

Following the principle of similarity, using reduced scale structures, taking the slag as a source for straight ramp-start simulation test, the quantitative correlations of the grain composition, slope gradient and the critical water content which are the main influential factors of mine debris flow are studied. The tests indicate when the grain composition is constant, the larger the slope gradient is, the lower the critical water content is. And it is also shown that the water-bearing slag is easier to start than the dry slag. For the slag on the slope, when the saturation is certain, as long as the slope gradient is large enough, the slag will be able to start and form debris flow. When the content of the fine material in the slag reaches 28%, the slag is the most vulnerable to start. The greater the mass of the slag is, the higher the slag heaps, and the easier the slag stars. The slagheap with triangular section is easier to start than that with other sections.