太湖流域水稻种子活力和耐缺氧能力遗传变异研究

Genetic variation of seed vigor and tolerance to anoxia among rice(Oryza sativa L.)varieties in Taihu Lake region

测定了太湖流域5个生态类型297个粳稻地方品种和2个对照育成品种的种子活力指数和5 cm水深条件下生长7 d的芽鞘长度,研究了这两个性状的遗传变异及它们与水直播14 d的幼苗高、成苗指数的相关性。结果表明:地方品种的种子活力和幼苗耐缺氧能力的遗传变异系数分别为19.5%和15.2%,这两个性状的遗传变异主要存在于早熟晚粳生态型中。种子活力指数、缺氧条件下芽鞘长度均与水直播14 d的幼苗高及成苗指数呈极显著正相关。从早熟晚粳中筛选到薄稻3、硬头茎、三百粒头、大稻头、乌金香糯、荒三石4、晚八哥头7个高活力和耐缺氧能力的品种资源,可供适于直播的水稻新品种选育利用。

Seed vigor index and coleoptile length of seedling germinated 7 days under 5 cm deep water were investigated using 297 varieties （belong to five ecotypes） and 2 cultivars in rice （Oryza sativa L. ） in Taihu Lake region. Genetic variations of the two traits and correlations between the two traits respectively with 14-day-seedling height and seedling establishment index were ana- lyzed. Results showed that genetic coefficient of variation （GCV） was 19. 5% for seed vigor and 15.2% for tolerance to anoxia a- mong the 297 varieties. The genetic variations of the two traits mainly existed in early maturity late japonica rice ecotype. Highly significant positive correlations were found between the two traits respectively with 14-day-seedling height and seedling establishment index. Seven varieties with high seed vigor and high tolerance to anoxia were screened out from early maturity late japonica rice eco- type. They were Bodao 3, Yingtoujing, Sanbailitou, Dadaotou, Wujinxiangnuo, Huangsanshi 4, and Wanbagetou. They could be utilized as parents in breeding programs which aim to develop varieties suitable for direct seeding technology.