棘手的主体:自主抑或臣服?

The Problem of Subject

从马克思开始,中经阿尔都塞、福柯,到巴特勒和齐泽克,关于主体/臣服这个主题,人们的认识在逐步深化。马克思首先使这个问题主题化,阿尔都塞紧随其后,丰富和深化了马克思的思想。福柯则另辟蹊径,别开天地,但二者都是从外在的权力方面来思考主体的辩证法,既没有看到主体对权力机制的内在依恋,也没有充分考虑到权力机制在建构主体/臣民时所遭到的反抗。巴特勒和齐泽克正是在这两个方面超越了前二者,但也正是在这两个方面产生了激烈的碰撞。

The understanding of subject has been deepened continuously from Marx,through Althusser and Foucault,down to Butler and Zizek.Althusser,following Marx who first thematicized it,further enriched it.Foucault made a fresh start in this domain and developed a new style of his own.However,both Althusser and Foucault studied the dialectic of subject from an external perspective of power,thus failing to discover the attachment of subject to the mechanism of power and the resistance of subject to it.It is in this respect that Butler and Zizek went beyond Althusser and Foucault,though there remain some profound differences between them.