广州市空调公共汽车空气中细菌污染的调查

Survey on Air Bacteria Contamination of Air-conditioning Bus in Guangzhou

目的了解空调公共汽车空气中细菌污染程度,为制定相应的防制对策提供依据。方法选择不同乘客人数、不同季节、不同天气条件的空调公共汽车,测定车厢空气中菌落总数浓度。结果在微小气候基本相同及开启空调通风系统的条件下,空调公共汽车内空气中菌落总数浓度在不同乘客人数段差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),随着乘客人数的增加,菌落总数平均浓度也增高。部分车辆的空气菌落总数超标,菌落总数的最高浓度超出我国《公共交通工具卫生标准》GB9673-1996最高容许浓度的5.6倍。在车内乘客人数接近的条件下,空调公共汽车在冬、春季的菌落总数平均浓度均高于夏、秋季。从晴天、阴天到雨天,菌落总数平均浓度均逐渐降低,车内空气质量逐渐改善。结论空调公共汽车内空气中菌落总数浓度水平与乘客人数、天气和季节具有一定关系。全面控制细菌污染,改善空调车内空气质量是当务之急。

Objective To study the level of air bacteria contamination of air-conditioning bus, so as to provide information for formulating preventive strategy. Methods Air-conditioning buses in different seasons and different weather conditions and with different quantity of passengers were sampled and air total bacterial count in bus compartment was detected. Results With identical microclimate and air conditioning system running, the air total bacterial count of air-conditioning buses with different quantity of passengers had statistical differences （P 〈 0. 05）, i.e. along with the increase of quantity of passengers, the air total bacterial count increased obviously. Air total bacterial count in partial buses was over-standard and the max concentration was 5.6 times than the maximum allowable concentration set in hygienic standard for public means of transportation GB9673 -1996. In the condition of close quantity of passengers, the air total bacterial count in air-conditioning bus in spring and winter was higher than that in summer and autumn （P 〈 0. 05）. And the concentration of air total bacterial count in bus compartment stepped down from sunny day, cloudy day to rainy day（P 〈0. 05）and the air quality in bus improved gradually. Conclusion The concentration of air total bacterial count in air-conditioning bus is relevant to passenger quantity, season and weather. So it is urgent priority to control bacterial contamination all around and improve air quality in air-conditioning bus compartment.