国际分工、要素价格扭曲与中国地区差距

International Division of Labor,Factors Price Distortions and Chinese Regional Disparity

中国地区差距的形成、持续存在及其扩大的重要原因之一,与不同区域参与国际分工的深度和广度以及要素价格扭曲有着密切关系。东部地区和中西部地区参与国际分工深度和广度,以及参与方式的不同,决定了二者在国际分工中获得的收益也是不一致的。经济收益差距决定了地区差距的形成。但是由于东部地区仅仅处于国际分工形成的全球价值链的末端,因此,东部地区缺少足够的能力来带动中西部地区联动发展,这种能力的缺失,成为中国地区差距持续存在的主要原因。由于中国市场机制不健全和相关政策不尽合理等原因,致使要素实际价格低于市场均衡价格,进而导致生产要素丰腴的中西部地区在经济和社会福利方面受到一定程度的损失。这种现象成了地区差距进一步加大的推动力。通过计量表明,国际分工和要素价格扭曲在不同时期对中国地区差距的贡献度也不完全相同。缩小地区差距较为可行的政策途径是:一方面应该大力构建和延伸国内价值链,实现东、中、西部良性互动;另一方面完善相关的法律法规,最大限度地减低要素价格的扭曲程度。

The one of the important reasons of Chinese regional disparity formation, continued existence and expansion, has the close relation with the different region participation international division of labor＇ s depth and the breadth as well as the factor price distortion. The eastern region and the mid -west re- gion participation international division of labor depth and the breadth, as well as the participation way＇ s difference, had decided the income which the two obtains in the international division of labor is also in- consistent. The economic gain disparity has decided the regional disparity formation. The eastern region lacks the enough ability to lead the mid - west region linkage development, becomes primary cause which the Chinese area disparity exists continually. Because Chinese market mechanism is not perfect and the related policy is incompatible and so on , the actual price of factors lower than the equilibrium price in the market. This has become the propelling force which to a certain extent the local disparity further enlarges. The feasible policy to narrow the gap between regions is： on the one hand, should make great efforts to build and extend the domestic value chain , achieve the eastern region and the mid -west region positive interaction; on the other hand, improve relevant laws and regulations, the maximum reduction in the level of factors price distortions.