中国农业政策环境影响初步分析

Preliminary Analysis of the Environmental Impact of Chinese Agricultural Policy

国家农业政策是国家总体经济政策的重要组成部分,是政府为了实现一定的农业、经济和社会发展目的,对影响农业发展的重要环节所采取的一系列具有宏观调控作用的政策措施的总称。国家农业政策的实施,可能会对中国的环境及其保护事业造成巨大的压力和影响。通过对中国农业政策背景、政策目标、政策利益相关者、政策手段等进行分析总结,指出中国农业政策通过改变农户生产结构、生产方式和生产技术等对农业环境产生影响。目前对农业环境影响较大的农业政策有粮食安全政策、土地政策、提高农民非农收入的政策、结构调整政策和农业环境政策。通过对这些政策对农业环境的影响分析,提出了要提高对农业环境问题的重视程度、实施农业政策与环境政策一体化,深化农地使用制度改革、明确界定土地所有权主体、稳定土地承包关系,制定激励政策减轻农业面源污染,建立健全农业环境污染监管机制,重视生态建设,发展生态农业等政策调整建议。

The national agricultural policy is an important part of Chinese whole economic policy, which is an aggregate of macro-control policy measures that effect agricultural development for achieving aim of the development of agriculture, economy and society. The implement of national agricultural policy will give pressure and effect to the environment. Based on the analysis and summarization of the background, objects, stakeholders and instrument of agricultural policy, the conclusion that the agricultural policy affected the agricultural environment by changing the farmer＇s yield structure, yield mode, yield technology. The agricultural policies which have great effect are food safety policy, land policy, the policy of improving the farmer＇s non-agriculture income, structure adjustment policy and agricultural environmental policy at present. The impacts to the agricultural environment of these policies were analyzed. The policy adjustment proposes were put forward. It include that attach more importance to agricultural environmental problem and ecology construct, integrate the agricultural policy and environmental policy, deepen the innovation of agricultural land use system, confirm the main body of land use clearly, stabilize the land use contract relationship, constitute prompting policy for lightening the agricultural non-point pollution, develop ecology agriculture etc.