试论教育的本原

On the Origin of Education

人与动物最大的区别在于:人有两个特别的生理器官,即扩充了脑容量的大脑和喉位较低的发音器官;两个特别的行为方式,即工具制造和语言交流;两个特别的思维能力,即想象能力和抽象能力。其中,生理器官是基础,行为方式是表象,思维能力是本质。因此,理想的教育应该服从人的身心发展规律特别是大脑的发育规律,必须有意识地、有针对性地激活大脑的各个部位,使得受教育者在知识、能力等诸方面都得到发展。理想的早期教育的基本理念是注重智力开发而不是注重知识传授。早期教育在本质上应当是基本思维能力的教育,特别是要关注学生想象能力和抽象能力的培养,其根本课程目标应该是以思维训练的需要为核心。

The biggest difference between human beings and animals lies in the facts as follows： the people have two special biorgans, namely the brain of expended capacity and the vocal organs with the low glottis; two special behavioral ways, namely tool making and verbal communication; two special ideations, namely imagination and abstraction. Among them, biorgans are the base, behaviors are the appearance and ideations are the essence. Therefore, ideal education should conform to the law of the somatopsychic development of people, especially the development of the brain. It should activate parts of the brain consciously and pertinently so as to develop knowledge, ability and other aspects of the students. The basic concept of ideal early education is the emphasis on intelligence development rather than imparting knowledge. Early education in its nature should focus on the training of basic ideations, especially on cultivating students imagination and their ability to deal with abstraction, whose ultimate course objectives should be centered on the need for training of ideations.