控释肥类型及氮素水平对氮磷钾利用率的影响

Effects of Different Controlled-Release Fertilizers and Nitrogen Level on N,P,K Use Efficiency

采用草莓盆栽试验研究了3种肥料类型(普通肥料、控释氮肥、控释复合肥)和不同氮施用量对草莓生长、磷钾利用率及土壤-作物体系中氮素平衡的影响。研究结果表明,控释肥的释放与四季草莓对养分的需求一致;磷钾的控释促进了氮的吸收利用,氮的控释也提高了磷钾的利用率。植株干重、草莓产量和氮磷钾利用率大小顺序为:控释复合肥处理(CC)>控释氮肥处理(CN)>普通肥料(SF)处理。增加施氮量促进了草莓生长,提高了磷钾利用率;中高量氮素水平间的产量、品质无差异,但高于低量水平。氮素利用率顺序为CC>CN>SF,损失率相反;CC和CN处理的氮素残留率无差异,但高于SF处理。施氮量增加,利用量、残留量、损失量增加,而利用率、残留率降低,损失率上升。

A pot experiment was conducted to study the effects of controlled-release fertilizers and nitrogen level on yield and quality of strawberry, P, K use efficiency and nitrogen balance. The results showed that the release of controlled-release nutritional element accorded with requirement of strawberry. Controlled-release N increased use efficiency of P, K, and controlled-release P, K increased use efficiency of N. Dry weight of plant, yield of fruit, P, K use efficiency were in the order of controlled-release compound fertilizer （CC）〉controlle-release nitrogen fertilizer（CN）〉soluble fertilizer（SF）. Growth of strawberry and P, K use efficiency were increased with more nitrogen applied. There was no difference in yield and quality between high level and medium level treatments, but higher than low level treatments. Nitrogen use efficiency was in the order of CC〉CN〉SF, losses ratio was in the reverse order. There was no difference in residual ratio between high level and medium level treatments, but higher than low level treatments. Use efficiency and residual ratio were decreased and losses ratio was increased with more nitrogen applied.