试论陈垣对历史文献学的建基性贡献

On Chen Yuan’s Foundational Construction to Chinese Historical Textual Studies

作为"民国以来史学的开山大师",陈垣为中国历史文献学的研究奠定了一定的基础。目录学是陈垣进入历史学研究领域的一把钥匙。但与其他学者不同的是,他把目录学作为自己的研究方向,并在目录学领域有所建树。陈垣很注重校勘方法的理论总结和提升。所校典籍甚多,辨误是正无数,撰写了校勘著作,创立了校勘方法论,尤其是校勘学名著《校勘学释例》的出版,结束了古籍校勘自然、随意的状态,使古籍校勘有了科学的理论指导,有力地推动了中国古籍校勘工作。陈垣非常注意中外纪年问题的研究。他在继承前人成果的基础上,编纂了《二十史朔闰表》和《中西回史日历》等年代学名著,创立了历史年代学。陈垣的史学研究中,古代的避讳现象是其考史的重要途径,还专门撰写了相关著作,对中国古代的避讳进行总结。

Chen Yuan has been regarded as ＂the founding master of the Chinese historical science since the Republic of China. ＂ His contribution to Chinese historical textual studies lies .in the fact that he ＂laid the foundation for research of it. ＂ Specifically, he compiled with prudence volumes of works on the study of catalogues and made the compilation of catalogues and the utilization of historical records relate closely with each other; he established the methodology on collation, compiled The Lunar Intercalary of The Twenty Histories and The Calendar of Huirnin in China and Foreign Countries, and opened up a more convenient way for the historical materials to be used in calendar. He also set up a new field of learning-Taboo studies. All in all, Chen Yuan laid a solid foundation for the perfection of Chinese historical textual studies.