苏北城镇社区居民健康认知与行为现状的调查

Investigation on Health Cognition and Behavior Status among Urban Community Residents of Northern Jiangsu

目的了解江苏省苏北地区城镇社区健康管理与健康促进的现状,为社区的发展以及居民健康水平的提高提供依据。方法采用实地走访、问卷调查等研究方法,对苏北城镇不同年龄、性别、职业的社区居民的健康管理和健康促进状况进行调查研究。结果调查的41个社区,共1586人,健康档案已建和在建的占48.29%,社区居民对慢性病全部掌握、全面了解的分别占4.02%、12.99%;社区健身活动有计划有组织开展的占14.52%,项目多样的占19.64%;健身活动有专门的露天场所、室内场所或广场可健身的分别占21.4%、23.68%、31.11%;健身器材充足的占7.82%;15.70%的人每周参加3次及以上健身活动;每年1次以上体检的占59.40%;对营养结构的搭配非常注意、注意、比较注意的分别占2.70%、13.70%、42.97%;不吸烟的占40.05%;认为健康检查间隔时间是1年的占41.40%;知道影响健康的危险因素有吸烟、酗酒、缺乏运动、肥胖的分别占44.48%、41.82%、40.58%、36.22%;认为与生活方式密切的疾病有高血压、糖尿病、冠心病、肿瘤的分别占59.27%、43.47%、26.39%、16.18%、10.87%;认为我国居民每人每天食盐量是6g的占42.20%;知道成年人正常血压上限是140/90mmHg的占48.85%。结论目前社区较为重视居民的健康管理与健康促进,已建和在建健康档案的社区占近50%,社区的健康教育方式多样,居民获取健康知识渠道广泛;相对于健康教育的开展,社区居民的健康促进仍显不足,居民对健康知识和行为等方面的认知仍存在较多误区和盲点。

[ Objective ] To understand the health management and health promotion in urban communities of Northern Jiangsu, and provide evidence for community development and health improvement of residents. [ Methods] Research methods such as field visits, questionnaires survey were adopted to investigate the status of health management and health promotion among community residents with different age, gender and occupation. [ Results] Totally 1586 people of 41communities were investigated, health files established and establishing accounted for 48.29% ; the residents who could comprehensively master and understood chronic diseases accounted for 4.02% , 12.99% respectively. 14.52% took organized and planed fitness activities, 19.64% took a variety of activities. 21.4%, 23.68% and 31.11% of the community had open-ir places, indoor or places of the square for fitness activities; 7.82% of the community had enough equipments for fitness activities ; 15.70% of the people participated in fitness activities for more than 3 times per week; 59.40% of the people had physical examination more than 1 time every year; 2.70% , 13.70% and 42.97% of the people paid more attention, attention and less attention to the structure of nutrition; non-smokers accounted for 40. 05% ;41.40% of the people thought that the interval of physical examination was 1 year; 44.48%, 41.82%, 40.58% and 36.22% of the people understood that the risk factors to the health are smoking ,drinking ,lack of exercise and obesity; 59.27%, 43.47%, 26.39%, 16.18% and 10.87% of the people thought that hypertension, diabetes, coronary heart disease and cancer related with lifestyle ; 42.20% of the people regarded that the daily consumption of salt per person is 6g ; 48.85% of the people knew that the upper limit of normal blood pressure of adults is 140/90 mm Hg. [ Conclusion ] At present , the community pay more attention to the health management and health promotion , and healthy file has been established or are been stabling in about 50% communities. The ways of healthy education are various; residents have multi-channels to obtain health knowledge ; but compared with the developing of health education it still displays deficiency in health promotion, the resident＇s cognitions such as healthy knowledge and behavior still have many misunderstandings and blind spots.