青蒿主要农艺性状与单株产量和青蒿素含量及总量间相关分析

Correlation analysis on main agronomic characters,yield per plant,artemisinin percentage contents and total artemisinin content per plant of Artemisia annua

目的:本试验旨在研究青蒿主要农艺性状间及与单株产量和青蒿素含量及总量间相关关系,为高产高青蒿素含量新品种选育提供理论依据和参考。方法:对四川野生和引种的青蒿资源主要农艺性状、单株产量、青蒿素含量和总量进行考察和测定,并分析了各性状间相关关系。结果:单株茎秆干重与单株产量间呈极显著正相关,分枝数和茎直径与单株产量间为显著正相关;花蕾期、始花期和盛花期则与青蒿素含量间呈极显著正相关;始花期和盛花期与单株青蒿素总量间呈极显著正相关;单株茎秆干重、秆直径和花蕾期与单株青蒿素总量间呈显著正相关。紫红色茎秆青蒿的青蒿素含量和总量显著高于深绿色茎秆者。进一步通过逐步回归分析,得到单株产量的最优回归方程为Y=0.061 21-0.000 08X1+0.303 78X3-0.000 51X4-0.000 31X5(F=20.15,P<0.000 1),青蒿素含量的最优回归方程为Y=-1.458 49-0.000 99X1-0.240 79X3+0.133 62X6-0.007 19X7+0.014 54X9(F=46.55,P<0.000 1),单株青蒿素总量的最优回归方程为Y=-2.670 01-0.002 49X1+0.988 73X3+0.300 37X6+0.011 13X9(F=22.62,P<0.000 1)。结论:选育高产、高青蒿素含量的青蒿新品种时应重点选择茎秆紫色、粗壮,株高较高,分枝数和花期适中,分枝角度较小的材料。

Objective： To study the relationships among the main agronomic characters, yield per plant,content of artemisinin of Artemisla annua, and provide the theoretical basis for breeding the A. annua varieties with high-yield and high artemisinin content. Method ： The main agronomic characters, yield per plant, artemisinin content of the wild and cultivated A. annua of Sichuan province were investigated and determined, and the correlated relationships among them were analyzed. Result： It was showed that the weight of dried stem per plant had very significantly positive correlation with the yield per plant,and the number of primary branches, the diameter of stem had significantly positive correlation with the yield per plant. The flower bud stage, first flowering stage and full-bloom stage had significantly positive correlation with the artemisinin content. The first flowering stage and full-bloom stage had significantly positive correlation with the total artemisinin content per plant. The weight of dried stem per plant, the diameter of stem and the flower bud stage had significantly correlation with the total artemisinin content per plant. A. annua with the purple-stem had significant higher artemisinin content than that with the green-stem. Through the multiple regression analysis, the classic multiple regression equation of the yield per plant was gained as Y=0. 061 21 -0. 000 08X1 ＋0. 303 78X3 -0. 000 51X4 -0. 000 31X5 （F =20. 15 ,P 〈0. 000 1）, the classic multiple regression equation of the artenfisinin content as Y= - 1. 458 49 -0. 000 99X1 -0. 240 79X3 ＋0. 133 62X6 -0. 007 19X7 ＋ 0. 014 54X9 （F=46.55 ,P 〈 0. 000 1 ）, the classic multiple regression equation of the total artemisinin content per plant as Y = -2. 670 01 -0. 002 49X1 ＋0. 988 73X3 ＋0. 300 37X6 ＋0. 011 13X9（ F =22.62,P 〈0. 000 1 ）. Conclusion： The plant with purple, thick and strong stem, higher plant height, moderate primary branches number and bloom stage, small stem-branch angle should be selected for a breeding new A. annua varieties with high yield and artemisinin content.