中国特色农业现代化道路面临的“瓶颈”约束研究

On the "Bottleneck" Restraints of Modern Agricultural Growth of Chinese Specialty

中国特色农业现代化道路面临八大"瓶颈"约束:(1)人口众多与耕地面积锐减的矛盾;(2)农业总产值低与农村劳动力众多的矛盾;(3)大量农业劳动力转移与城市吸纳能力较弱的矛盾;(4)农业劳动力生产率低、土地零碎化严重与农民渴望增收的愿望相矛盾;(5)农村壮劳力的大量转移与农业现代化建设的矛盾;(6)国家粮食安全与农民种粮积极性低的矛盾;(7)粮食供给与需求的矛盾;(8)农业基础设施薄弱与农业战略地位不相称的矛盾。由此提出四大应对措施,即转变思想观念,把农业发展放在国家战略的高度来看待;转变农业发展方式、创新农村土地流转机制;加强农业基础设施建设,提高投入比例;增强农业综合生产能力,提高农业竞争力。

Agricultural modernization of Chinese specialty today is confronted with eight ＂bottleneck＂ restraints： a. the great number of people versus the increasingly decreased land to plow; b. low agricultural output versus too many laborers in villages; c. the shit of many farm laborers versus the weakness in receiving them in cities and towns; d. low agricultural productivity, serious situation of a great amount of small pieces of land versus the desire to secure harvest among farmers; e. strong farm laborers shift to the cities versus the building of modern agriculture; f. the security of state grain provision versus farmers＇ slight desire to grow grain; g. grain provision versus its demand; and h. the weak infrastructure in agriculture versus its high strategic position. The writer proposes four ways to deal with the situation, namely, to change the conception and regard agricultural growth as one of the keys in the whole strategy of the country; to transform its growth patterns and establish farmland fluidity patterns; to strengthen infrastructure building and raise the proportion of agricultural investment; and to enhance its comprehensive productivity and raise its competiveness.